【初中英语语法宾语从句讲解-专项练习及答案2】在初中英语学习中,宾语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点。它不仅在阅读理解中频繁出现,在写作和口语表达中也占据着重要地位。掌握好宾语从句的用法,有助于提高学生的语言综合运用能力。
一、什么是宾语从句?
宾语从句是指在主句中充当宾语的句子。它通常由连接词(如 that, if, whether, what, when, where, why, how 等)引导,放在动词或介词之后。例如:
- I know that he is coming.(我知道他要来。)
- She asked if I could help her.(她问我是否能帮她。)
二、宾语从句的结构
宾语从句的基本结构为:
主句 + 连接词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语 + 宾语等)
需要注意的是,宾语从句中的时态要与主句保持一致,且语序应使用陈述句语序,而不是疑问句语序。
例句分析:
1. He said that he was tired.
(他说他累了。)
主句:He said
宾语从句:that he was tired(陈述句语序)
2. Do you know where she lives?
(你知道她住在哪里吗?)
注意:虽然原句是疑问句“Where does she live?”,但在宾语从句中要用陈述语序“where she lives”。
三、常见引导词及其用法
| 引导词 | 用法说明 |
|--------|----------|
| that | 引导陈述性宾语从句,常省略 |
| if / whether | 引导一般疑问句型的宾语从句,表示“是否” |
| what | 引导特殊疑问句型的宾语从句,表示“什么” |
| when | 表示时间 |
| where | 表示地点 |
| why | 表示原因 |
| how | 表示方式 |
四、常见错误与注意事项
1. 时态一致性:
- 主句是现在时,从句可用任何时态。
例:I think he is right.
- 主句是过去时,从句需用过去相应时态。
例:She said she was tired.
2. 语序问题:
宾语从句必须用陈述句语序,不能用疑问句语序。
错误:Do you know what he is doing?
正确:Do you know what he is doing?(注意:这里“what he is doing”是正确的陈述语序)
3. that 的省略:
在口语或非正式场合中,that 可以省略,但在书面语中最好保留。
例:I believe (that) he is honest.
五、专项练习(附答案)
一、选择题
1. I don’t know ______ he will come tomorrow.
A. that
B. if
C. whether
D. what
2. Can you tell me ______ the meeting starts?
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. why
3. She asked ______ I had finished my homework.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. what
4. Do you know ______ he is?
A. who
B. what
C. where
D. how
5. The teacher asked us ______ we had read the book.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. what
二、填空题
1. I wonder ______ he is going to attend the party.
2. Please tell me ______ you are doing now.
3. Do you know ______ the library is open today?
4. She asked ______ I could help her with the math problem.
5. He said ______ he would call me later.
参考答案:
一、选择题
1. B / C
2. A
3. A / C
4. A
5. A / C
二、填空题
1. if / whether
2. what
3. if / whether
4. if / whether
5. that
通过不断练习和巩固,同学们可以更加熟练地掌握宾语从句的用法,从而提升英语综合能力。希望这篇讲解和练习对大家有所帮助!